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Professors in history and some humanities courses often require footnotes or endnotes based on The Chicago Manual of Style, 14th ed. (Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1993). When you use Chicago-style notes, you will usually be asked to include a bibliography at the end of your paper.
Although The Chicago Manual of Style does not include guidelines for documenting online sources, the University of Chicago Press recommends following the system developed by Andrew Harnack and Eugene Kleppinger in Online! A Reference Guide to Using Internet Sources, 1998 ed. (New York: St. Martin's, 1998). The examples of online sources given in this section are based on Harnack and Kleppinger's guidelines.
CHICAGO DOCUMENTATION STYLE (FOOTNOTES OR ENDNOTES)
TEXT
A Union soldier, Jacob Thomas, claimed to have seen Forrest order the killing, but when asked to describe the six-foot-two general, he called him "a little bit of a man."12
FOOTNOTE OR ENDNOTE
12. Brian Steel Wills, A Battle from the Start: The Life of Nathan Bedford Forrest (New York: HarperCollins, 1992), 187.
BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRY
Wills, Brian Steel. A Battle from the Start: The Life of Nathan
Bedford Forrest. New York: HarperCollins, 1992.
First and subsequent references to a source
The first time you cite a source, the note should include publishing information for that work as well as the page number on which the passage being cited may be found.
1. Peter Burchard, One Gallant Rush: Robert Gould Shaw and His Brave Black Regiment (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1965), 85.
For subsequent references to a source you have already cited, give only the author's last name, followed by a comma and the page or pages cited.
4. Burchard, 31.
If you cite more than one work by the same author, include a short form of the title in subsequent citations. A short form of the title of a book is underlined or italicized; a short form of the title of an article is put in quotation marks.
8. Burchard, One Gallant Rush, 31.
10. Burchard, "Civil War," 10.
NOTE: Chicago style no longer requires the use of "ibid." to refer to the work cited in the previous note. The Latin abbreviations "op. cit." and "loc. cit." are also no longer used.
